José Palanco Romero (1889, Talavera de la Reina, Toledo - 1936, Granada) was Professor of Spanish History at the University of Granada from 1911. There he also held the posts of Vice-Rector (1922-1924) and Dean of the Faculty of Philosophy and Letters (1930-1934).
A militant of the Republican Left, he was a councillor on the Republican City Council of Granada from April 1931 to December 1933, and mayor of Granada. He was elected Member of the Constituent Cortes for Granada, and Member of the Cortes in the 1936 elections.
He was shot in August of the same year.
Its collection includes correspondence with Fernando de los Ríos and Menéndez Pidal, among others. It provides interesting information on both his political activity and his work in the field of history.